Prise en charge du traumatisé crânien grave dans les 24 premières heures, dans le service des urgences, par la neurochirurgie

Abstract

Management of severe head injuries during the 24 first hours in the emergency department. Neurosurgical approach. In France, the role of the neurosurgeon in the emergency department depends on local health care policies and geographical constraints. Some departments include a neurosurgical team with a dedicated operating room. In others, a neurosurgeon can be reached by phone, possibly with an image transfer. Whatever the case, it should be possible to remove on site and without delay an intracranial haematoma, which is most often an extradural injury. The management of a haematoma of the posterior fossa or a bleeding dural venous sinus would be difficult for a surgeon not qualified in neurosurgery. The optimal situation is the presence of a neurosurgeon in the medical team admitting patients with a severe head or spine trauma, for assessment of the neurological status, or interpretation of radiological explorations, insertion of an intracranial pressure monitoring device. Besides the extradural haematoma, other injuries such as an acute subdural haematoma, a haematoma associated with a contusion, an acute hydrocephalus, a depressed fracture of the skull, or a craniocerebral wound, also require an emergency decompressive procedure.