Abstract
In this paper, the novelty of exploring the applications of the Iraqi Palm Tree Remnants (IPTR) mixed with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NONP) hosted in Polyethylene (PE), called INP substrates, is utilized by printing metamaterial (MTM) based high gain microwave antennas on them. The proposed INP substrates are mainly created from pressed flexible organic fibers to suite the ink jet printing technologies. The complex relative constitutive parameters are characterized in terms of permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ) within the frequency range from 2 GHz up to 6 GHz using an open end dielectric probe and a T-stub transmission line technique. To validate the feasibility of the INP substrates, a very fine antenna structure of based a miniaturized Hilbert MTM based dipoles is printed on. A material printer with Sliver Nanoparticles Conductive Ink (SNPCI) is used to print the antenna structure. Commercial software packages, CST Microwave Studio (MWS) and Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), are used to simulate the proposed antenna based on the measured constitutive parameters. A negligible difference is found between the measured and simulated results. Finally, an attractive effect on the retrieved constitutive parameters of the proposed MTM is found due to the proposed INP substrate.
Highlights
In this paper, the novelty of exploring the applications of the Iraqi Palm Tree Remnants (IPTR) mixed with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NONP) hosted in Polyethylene (PE), called INP substrates, is utilized by printing metamaterial (MTM) based high gain microwave antennas on them
There are several antenna parameters may rely on the method of reinforcing the fiber filling specially when mixed with other composites. Such composites are highly recommended for the use in electromagnetic applications including the antenna structures
To prepare polymerized flexible substrates for printing, the initial treatment by oxygen plasma is conducted for 2 minutes in which a high degree of hydrophilicity is induced that increase Sliver Nanoparticles Conductive Ink (SNPCI) adhesion
Summary
The novelty of exploring the applications of the Iraqi Palm Tree Remnants (IPTR) mixed with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NONP) hosted in Polyethylene (PE), called INP substrates, is utilized by printing metamaterial (MTM) based high gain microwave antennas on them. An attractive effect on the retrieved constitutive parameters of the proposed MTM is found due to the proposed INP substrate Since their introduction in the 1960’s, MTM structures have been extensively investigated to enhance the antennas performance due to their untraditional electromagnetic properties[1]. All the previous presented researches conducted their studies to MTM inclusions and/or nanomaterials without combining them together on organic fibers based substrates for patch antenna applications. As well as, introducing the nano-scale to the dielectric material based on organic substantial to create new substrates has not been considered yet in the new generations of the patch antenna structures. The printed dipole antenna performance enhancements are taken place in this study by conducting both of nanomaterials and MTMs in nontraditional substrates made artificially of INP layers. The simulated results against measured values would be compared and discussed
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