Novel UWB printed metamaterial microstrip antenna based organic substrates for RF-energy harvesting applications

Abstract

In this paper, an intensive study is proposed to recycle the organic materials use for microwave applications including RF-energy harvesting. Thus, the Iraqi Palme Tree Remnants (IPTR) is exemplified for this study to create dielectric substrates. The main texture of the fabricated substrates is IPTR mixed with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (NONP) hosted in Polyethylene (PE) to be called INP substrates. Nevertheless, a metamaterial (MTM) printed antenna on the proposed substrate is fabricated by material printer with Sliver Nanoparticles Conductive Ink (SNPCI). The antenna performance is tested numerically/experimentally in terms of S11 spectrum and radiation patterns. It is found excellent matching bandwidths at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequencies with acceptable gains of 1.56 dBi and 2.48 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna bandwidth is found to start from 2.4 GHz up to more than 10 GHz. The maximum achieved gain and efficiency are found about 3.456 dBi and 78% at 9 GHz. For this, the proposed antenna provides novel performance with ultimate antenna size reduction due to the introduction of the MTM based the proposed INP substrate. Finally, the harvested RF energy by the fabricated antenna is measured and found about 15 mV with a conversation efficiency of 85% at 2.45 GHz and 17.5 mV with a conversion efficiency of 91% at 5.8 GHz.