Principal Component and Cluster Analyses of 20 Genotypes of Chilli (Capsicum sp.) Planted on Peatlands

Abstract

This research aims to obtain information about the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the genetic diversity of 20 chili genotypes and to analyze their similarity as the basis for selecting parental crossbreeds in peatland assembly chili varieties. This research was conducted in the peatlands of Tuah Karya Village, Tampan District, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province and analyzed at the Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from November 2020-April 2021. The study used a randomized block design consisting of 20 genotypes (Agronomy and Horticulture IPB University’s collection) with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. There are 22 qualitative characters and 13 quantitative characters identified. Qualitative data was transformed into quantitative data based on International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (IPGRI) and quantitative data was the average data. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics 20 software. Results show that large chili plants based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis were grouped into four clusters at level of similarity 82.5% and a proportion of diversity of 57.53%. The closest similarity of large chili is CG4 and CG6. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis cayenne pepper plants are grouped into two clusters at a 90% similarity level and 72.80% diversity proportion. The closest similarity of cayenne pepper is CG16 and CG19.