Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare soft-tissue cancer of the head and neck, accounting for 1% to 2% of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors. It is more commonly found in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. Leiomyosarcoma of the head and neck is associated with a history of radiation therapy, retinoblastoma, chemotherapy, human immunodeficiency virus, or AIDS. We describe what we believe is the first case of an LMS of the sphenoid sinus in the English-language literature and include a review of the literature on LMS of the paranasal sinuses, which identified approximately 50 cases of primary sinonasal LMS. A patient presented with a sphenoid sinus mass and underwent endoscopic surgical treatment. Pathologic examination demonstrated a low-grade LMS. A recommendation was made to pursue adjuvant radiotherapy, which the patient declined. Surgical excision is the mainstay of therapy for low-grade tumors, but adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiationtherapyisrecommendedforgrades III and IV LMS. Our aim is to raise awareness of this clinical entity and to suggest a treatment plan based on certain clinical and pathologic features.
Published Version
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