Primary afferent fibers conduct impulses in both directions under physiological stimulus conditions

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In electric fish of the family Mormyridae some primary afferent fibers conduct impulses not only from electroreceptors to the brain but also from the brain to the receptors. The efferent impulses may be elicited by electrical stimulation which is within the physiological range, i.e., by stimulation which is similar in amplitude and duration to the stimulation that is caused by the fish's own electric organ discharge. Afferent and efferent impulses in the same afferent fiber were identified by: simultaneously recording from a fiber at two different points, at the receptor and at the nerve trunk (Figs. 2C-H; 3B-D); by cutting the afferent fiber between the brain and the recording site as well as between the recording site and the periphery; and by intra-axonal recording from the afferent fiber near its entry into the brain (Fig. 4). The efferent impulses result from the central integration of a corollary discharge of the electric organ motor command with excitatory and inhibitory input from several different receptors near the one from which afferent impulses originate (Fig. 4). The centrally originating impulse may be capable of modifying the effect of signals originating in the periphery.