Abstract
This paper proposes a game-theoretic model for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading between a consumer and a prosumer living in a community. The proposed real-time pricing model is based on the Stackelberg game, and the consumer and prosumer are the follower and leader in the game, respectively. Therefore, the prosumer first proposes the trading price and then proposes the trading quantity based on the optimal scheduling of the energy storage system considering the determined trading price, load profile, P2P trading demand, etc. Subsequently, the consumer decides to purchase quantity by adjusting his/her load usage according to the trading price and quantity suggested by the prosumer. In this regard, a power flow analysis was conducted based on the participants’ bidding strategy to analyze the changes in the electricity flow in a distribution system in which P2P energy trading occurs. Consequently, changes in power flow from the point of common coupling before and after P2P trading were verified, and the voltage stability of each bus was confirmed. In addition, the distribution system usage charge was calculated to reduce the operational burden of the distribution system operator and suggest an operation strategy that can enable P2P energy trading.
Highlights
Power systems are crucial for modern economic growth
The above process is repeated until the price converges, and the power flow analysis is performed according to the P2P trading quantity under the condition where the price converged, and the DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USAGE CHARGE (DSUC) is determined according to how it affects the system
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USAGE CHARGE The comprehensive results obtained via system analysis confirmed that the quantity of power received from the main grid decreased through the prosumer’s P2P trading, and the reverse power flow disappeared, which could have a positive effect on the power system
Summary
ESS charging power of prosumer j at time t ESS discharging power of prosumer j at time t ESS SOC of prosumer j at time t time step ESS discharging efficiency ESS charging efficiency ESS rated capacity of prosumer j [kWh] Final SOC level [%] Initial SOC level [%] Minimum SOC of prosumer j [%] Maximum SOC of prosumer j. Maximum constraint of power from the grid ESS rated power of prosumer j [kW] Charge state variable of prosumer j at time t Discharge state variable of prosumer j at time t
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