Preventive Fungicidal Control of Cytospora leucostoma in Peach Orchards in Colorado.

Abstract

In western Colorado, Cytospora leucostoma is ubiquitous in peach orchards and has developed into a major limiting factor of peach production. The pathogen is unable to invade healthy intact phloem tissue of the tree, but instead, it requires a wound as a mode of entry. Bark injuries caused by cold and pruning in commercial orchard systems provide infection courts that, in suitable environment conditions, can lead to many successful fungal infections. Preventive fungicide control is an integral component of management in tree fruit production. Eighteen fungicides were tested at selected label dose rates for C. leucostoma control. All treatments were initially tested in vitro in fungicide-amended media dishes. Successful treatments were then tested under controlled conditions on detached peach branch segments. Effective fungicides identified in the laboratory assays (thiophanate-methyl, captan, lime sulfur, and copper hydroxide) were further tested as spray applications in the field and as wound sealant applications in combination with latex paint and kaolin clay. Of the treatments evaluated, thiophanate-methyl, captan, 50% latex paint, thiophanate-methyl amended in 50% latex paint, captan amended in 50% latex paint, and lime sulfur were most effective in reducing C. leucostoma necrotic area. Copper hydroxide was ineffective in all field trials and in some instances, yielded larger necrotic areas than the nontreated positive control shoots.