Prevention of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon using boiled mangrove leaf extract Sonneratia alba in laboratory scale

Abstract

This study aimed to prevent White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) disease in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon using the boiled extract of Sonneratia alba mangrove leaves. The experiment was conducted in the wet laboratory of The Research Institute for Brackish Water Aquaculture And Fisheries Extension using a plastic container of 50 L volume filled with 30 L of seawater at a salinity of 28 ppt. 30 tiger prawns/container in size 1-2.0 g each shrimp used as test animals. Prevention of WSSV disease is done by injecting the extract of Sonneratia alba from boiling fresh leaves (1 kg in 5 L of water cooked to 2.5 L) and dry mangrove leaves (300 g in 5 L of water cooked to 2.5 L). The treatments tried were: A) 1% water boiled of fresh leaves; B) 4% water boiled of fresh leaves; C) 7% water boiled of fresh leaves; D) 10% water boiled of fresh leaves; E) 1% water boiled of dry leaves; F) 4% water boiled of dry leaves; G) 7% water boiled of dry leaves; H) 10% water boiled of dry leaves; I) Positive control (shrimp injected with WSSV without mangrove extract), and J) Negative control (without WSSV and mangrove extract) which was repeated three times. Each concentration of mangrove extract was mixed with WSSV antigen solution in a ratio of 2: 1 and injected as much as 100 microliters for each shrimp. Water change was carried out every two days at 20%. Feeding is done 2 times a day as much as 10-20% of the total biomass per day. Shrimp reared for 10 days. The parameters observed included the mortality of tiger shrimp which were observed every day. Shrimp immune parameters including THC, DHC, Pro-PO, and WSSV infection were observed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The results showed that the mortality rate of tiger shrimp in treatments that did not use mangrove extracts was higher than others. as well as the mortality rate of shrimp in the treatment using boiled fresh leaf extracts was higher than those using boiled dry leaf extract at the same concentration. The WSSV concentration used in this experiment was thought to be high so that there was no visible effect of injury in the incidence of shrimp mortality at the end of the study.