Prevention of Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases caused by RSV in Infants in Poland: A Review of Current Recommendations

Abstract

Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the frequent cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTD) in infants, with the most severe cases concentrated among infants. Objectives The aim of this study was to review the current recommendations, as well as the availability and options for prophylaxis of LRTD caused by RSV in infants in Poland. Material and Methods Databases such as PubMed, UpToDate and Google Scholar were used for research with the keywords included: vaccine, RSV, nirsevimab, palivizumab, Abrysvo, respiratory syncytial virus, maternal immunization, prevention. The review included studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, and comparison of immunization methods against RSV, along with new recommendations and guidelines from medical societies and organizations, especially in Poland. Results In Poland, RSV prevention in infants includes: Palivizumab: Monthly injections during RSV season for high-risk infants, including preterm babies and those with serious health conditions. Nirsevimab: A single-dose monoclonal antibody recommended for all infants under 1 year, though not yet available in Poland. RSV Vaccine (RSVpreF): For pregnant women (24–36 weeks), offering passive protection to newborns. Available in Poland from May 2024. These strategies provide tailored protection based on individual needs and risks. Conclusions In Poland, effective LRTD caused by RSV prevention methods for infants are increasingly available, requiring healthcare providers and pregnant women to understand their benefits and limitations to make informed health decisions.