Prevention of injuries in sports

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the causes of injuries in sports and the factors that cause them. Material and methods: study of special literature and generalization of experience of preparation of sportsmen in various kinds of sports. Analysis of factors influencing sports injuries in order to develop measures for their prevention. Results: There are a large number of injuries that can be received during sports. In our article we will consider some of them. Trauma is a lesion of the surface of the body or internal organs, which arose under the influence of external factors, as a result of which one or another organ has lost the ability to perform its function. Depending on the nature of the injured tissue, there are skin (strokes, wounds), subcutaneous (ligament ruptures, bone fractures, etc.) and abdominal (hemorrhage, chest injuries, joints) injuries.
 Injuries are divided into direct and indirect, depending on the point of application of force. They can be single (eg, transverse femoral fracture), multiple (multiple rib fracture), combined (pelvic fracture with rupture of the bladder) and combined (hip fracture and frostbite, etc.). Injuries are open with a violation of integrity and closed, when the replacement of tissues and organs occurs with intact skin and mucous membranes. According to the level of severity of injuries are divided into mild, moderate and severe. Injuries to the extremities are most often observed in the localization of injuries in athletes, among them injuries of the joints, especially the knee and ankle, predominate. Upper limb injuries (70.0% of all injuries) are more common during gymnastics. Most sports are characterized by injuries of the lower extremities, such as athletics and skiing (66,0 %). Head and face injuries are typical for boxers (65,0 %), fingers - for basketball players and volleyball players (80,0 %), elbow joint for tennis players (70,0 %), knee joint - for football players (48,0 %). etc. Among sports injuries, as a rule, a high percentage of injuries of medium severity.
 Conclusion: analysis of the causes of injuries in sports, allows us to conclude that injuries in sports can be prevented. A coach in a certain sport plays a crucial role in injury prevention. Its activities should take place in close contact with medical staff. It is the physician's responsibility to systematically record all injuries. Not only severe injuries, but also moderate injuries must be carefully studied, the causes of their occurrence must be identified and the necessary measures to eliminate them must be developed.