Abstract
Resumo A Helicobacter spp. é uma bactéria Gram negativa espiralada, de grande importância clínica, que se relaciona a patogenias como gastrite e úlceras pépticas e, mais recentemente, com o carcinoma gástrico em humanos. Evidências sugerem o potencial dos animais, principalmente os domésticos, como fonte de infecção zoonótica das helicobactérias, já que bactérias com morfologia similar às encontradas em animais foram observadas no estômago de humanos com gastrite. Nesse contexto, os cães podem ser um importante reservatório de agentes infecciosos como a Helicobacter spp. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Helicobacter spp. em cães do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Campo Grande/MS. Para tanto, foram utilizados 96 cães dos quais foram colhidas amostras do corpo, fundo e antro gástrico, para avaliação da presença da Helicobacter spp. por meio do teste rápido de urease e análise histológica. O teste rápido de urease permitiu a detecção de Helicobacter spp. em 94,7% dos cães; já a análise histológica indicou a presença de Helicobacter spp. em 100% dos animais avaliados com predominio da bactéria na região do fundo do estômago.
Highlights
Helicobacter spp. is a helix-shaped, microaerophilic, Gram-negative bacterium, able to survive in a highly acid environment due to urease production[1,2,3].Helicobacter spp. may colonize the gastrointestinal mucosa of humans, domestic animals, besides wild animals, such as monkeys[4,5,6,7]
The evaluation of the presence of Helicobacter spp. in dogs by the rapid urease test showed 94.7% of the animals were positive for the bacterium (Table 1)
Considering the characteristics of the animals that presented positivity to Helicobacter spp. and the possible correlations between them, we verified the distribution of animals regarding sex was homogenous (Figure 1, panel A), since both males and females presented bacteria (Figure 1, panel B)
Summary
Helicobacter spp. may colonize the gastrointestinal mucosa of humans, domestic animals (such as dogs, cats, pigs, and birds), besides wild animals, such as monkeys[4,5,6,7]. The correlation of Helicobacter spp. in the pathogeny of gastritis and gastric ulcer has been demonstrated, and more recently the bacteria has been identified as the inducing-agent of gastric carcinoma in humans[8]. Studies on Helicobacter spp. prevalence are scarce; an infection rate around 67-100% is suggested. Studies comprising the histological evaluation of dogs' stomach revealed the presence of the bacterium as a predominant occurrence in the body and gastric fundus. The degree of colonization by these bacteria do not correlate directly with the diagnosis of mild to moderate gastritis in dogs[10,11,12]
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