Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus is a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae that cause abortions and stillbirths in livestock and its traditional diagnosis is based on cell culture and virus neutralization test. In this study, for more sensitive, specific detection and determined the prevalence of virus in aborted Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel fetuses the antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR were recommended. From the total of 2173 aborted fetuses, 347 (15.96%) and 402 (18.49%) were positive for presence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus by antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Statistical analysis of data showed significant differences between ELISA and RT-PCR for detection of virus in aborted fetuses.These results indicate a high presence of this pathogen in Iran and that RT- PCR is considerably faster and more accurate than ELISA for identification of Bovine viral diarrhea virus.To our knowledge the Camels and Bovine are the most resistant and sensitive to Bovine viral diarrhea's abortions respectively and the prevalence of virus in Caprine is more than Ovine aborted fetuses. This study is the first prevalence report of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in aborted Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel fetuses by evaluation of ELISA and RT-PCR in Iran.
Highlights
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever and ovine Border disease viruses (Donis 1995) that cause Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in mammals including Antilocapridae, Bovidae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Giraffidae, Suidae, Tragulidae families and small ruminants (Grondahl et al 2003; Nettleton 1990; Van Campen et al 2001; Loken et al 1995)
In this study a total of 2173 abomasal content samples of aborted fetuses including 620 Bovine, 525 Ovine, 442 Caprine, 372 Buffalo and 214 Camel from 1012 commercial herds of various area of Iran were tested for presence of BVDV by evaluation of antigen capture Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Data from antigen capture ELISA were studied and quality of RNA extracted after agarose gel electrophoresis from abomasal contents of aborted fetuses were observed and all were accepted and diagnosed suitable for RT-PCR assay
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever and ovine Border disease viruses (Donis 1995) that cause Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in mammals including Antilocapridae, Bovidae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Giraffidae, Suidae, Tragulidae families and small ruminants (Grondahl et al 2003; Nettleton 1990; Van Campen et al 2001; Loken et al 1995). The most common method was an isolation of virus in cell cultures but it was difficult, time consuming and lengthy process that requires experienced technicians. The serological methods such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) usually employed for diagnosis BVDV in clinical samples (Entrican et al 1995) but at these years several molecular methods like reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) are use extremely to detection of BVD viral RNA for diagnostic purposes (Kim and Dobovi 2003; Gilbert et al 1999)
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