Abstract
BackgroundMammarenaviruses are associated with human hemorrhagic fever diseases in Africa and America. Recently, a rodent mammarenavirus, Wēnzhōu virus (WENV) and related viruses, have been reported in China, Cambodia, and Thailand. Moreover, in Cambodia, these viruses were suspected to be associated with human disease. In China, Yunnan Province is famous for its abundant animal and plant diversity and is adjacent to several South-eastern Asia countries. Therefore, it is necessary to know whether WENV-related viruses, or other mammarenaviruses, are prevalent in this province.Methodology/Principal findingsSmall mammals were trapped, euthanized, and sampled. Mammarenavirus RNA was detected using a nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantified by real-time RT-PCR. A total of 1040 small mammals belonging to 13 genera and 26 species were trapped in Yunnan Province. WENV-related mammarenaviruses were detected in 41 rodent liver samples, mainly in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and oriental house rats (R. tanezumi).Viral nucleocapsid protein was detected in liver sections by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Full-length-genomes were amplified by RT-PCR and used for phylogenetic analysis with the MEGA package. Recombination analysis was performed using the SimPlot and Recombination Detection Program.Conclusions/SignificanceWENV related viruses circulated in small mammals in Yunnan Province. Whole genome sequence analysis of five selected viral strains showed that these viruses are closely related to WENVs discovered in Asia and form an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree in the WENV clade. Paying attention to investigate the influence of these viruses to public health is essential in the epidemic regions.
Highlights
Mammarenaviruses, belonging to the genus Mammarenavirus, family Arenaviridae, are associated with several hemorrhagic fever diseases around the world [1]
Wenzhōu virus (WENV) or related viruses were reported in Thailand and Cambodia
Phylogenetic analysis of the complete L and S segments of five strains showed that these viruses form an independent phylogenetic branch in WENV clade most closely related to WENVs found in China and Cambodia
Summary
Mammarenaviruses, belonging to the genus Mammarenavirus, family Arenaviridae, are associated with several hemorrhagic fever diseases around the world [1]. Mammarenavirus possess a bi-segmented, ambisense, single-stranded RNA genome. Each genomic RNA encodes two different proteins in opposite orientations [5]. The L segment encodes a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, L) and a zinc binding matrix protein (Z). The S segment encodes a nucleoprotein (NP) and an envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC) [2]. Mammarenaviruses are associated with human hemorrhagic fever diseases in Africa and America. A rodent mammarenavirus, Wenzhōu virus (WENV) and related viruses, have been reported in China, Cambodia, and Thailand. In Cambodia, these viruses were suspected to be associated with human disease. It is necessary to know whether WENV-related viruses, or other mammarenaviruses, are prevalent in this province
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