Abstract
Early diagnosis of prediabetes should be done to avoid complications relating to diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim here was to assess the prevalence of prediabetes among individuals at high risk of developing DM, and to seek variables relating to glucose intolerance (GI) among individuals with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Cross-sectional study at Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo. The FPG and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were analyzed, from which the subjects were divided as follows: group 1 (FPG and GTT both normal), group 2 (normal FPG but abnormal GTT), group 3 (abnormal FPG but normal GTT), and group 4 (FPG and GTT both abnormal). The subjects' clinical, laboratory and anthropometric profile was determined. 138 subjects were studied: 44 in group 1, 11 in group 2, 33 in group 3 and 50 in group 4. The prevalence of prediabetes was 68.0%. Group 4 individuals were older than group 1 individuals [69.0 (55.5-74.0) versus 58.9 ± 11.8 years; P < 0.05], with greater prevalence of risk conditions for DM [5.0 (4.0-5.0) versus 4.0 (3.0-5.0); P < 0.05]. Among individuals with normal FPG, GI prevalence was 20.0%. No variables analyzed correlated with GTT. The prevalence of prediabetes was 68.0%, and 20.0% of subjects with normal FPG had GI. Although some anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables have been correlated with DM and prediabetes, none, except for GTT, was able to screen for GI among subjects with normal FPG in the present study.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high plasma glucose levels, resulting from lower insulin secretion, resistance to its peripheral action, or both.[1]
According to the World Health Organization criteria,[15] glucose tolerance test (GTT) ≥ 200 mg/dl is regarded as diagnostic of diabetes mellitus in cases of postprandial hyperglycemia alone, but because this study aimed to investigate occurrences of glucose metabolism abnormalities among patients with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), we considered all values of GTT ≥ 140 mg/dl to be abnormal GTT
The population studied was divided into groups as follows: 44 individuals in group 1 (31.9%), who demonstrated normal levels both for FPG and for GTT (91.3 ± 5.5 mg/dl and 98.9 ± 22.1 mg/ dl, respectively); 11 individuals in group 2 (8.0%), who demonstrated normal FPG and elevated GTT [92.4 ± 6.9 mg/dl and 149.0 (142.0-214.0) mg/dl, respectively]; 33 subjects in group 3 (23.9%), who presented abnormal FPG and normal GTT levels [107.0 (103.5 – 110.0) mg/dl and 110.5 ± 18.9 mg/dl, respectively]; and 50 subjects in group 4 (36.2%), who demonstrated high levels both for FPG and for GTT [108.0 ± 10.0 mg/dl and 158.5 (145.0-189.5) mg/dl, respectively]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high plasma glucose levels, resulting from lower insulin secretion, resistance to its peripheral action, or both.[1] On the other hand, prediabetes may be defined as a state of abnormal fasting plasma glucose, glucose intolerance, or both.[1]. Over recent decades, this condition has come to be considered a worldwide pandemic. Brazil appears in eighth highest position out of 191 countries in relation to the ranking of diabetes mellitus rates among WHO members.[2]
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