Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women in Sri Lanka. It has been now well established that oncogenic subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. An abnormal Pap smear may indicate an infection, inflammation or cervical cytological abnormality. Objectives: The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of Pap smear abnormalities among women who attend Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic, Colombo Method: A total of 1300 females who underwent routine Pap smear screening at STD clinic, Colombo in the year 2010 and 2011 were analysed for the prevalence of all forms of Pap smear abnormalities including cervical cytological abnormalities. Cytology was interpreted according to the national guideline which is based on Bethesda system 2001. Results: Prevalence of all forms of abnormal Pap smears was 24.2% while the prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities was only 2.2% in the sample, out of which 1 .4% were low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 0.5% were high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) and 0.3% were glandular cell atypia. The cervical cancer prevalence in the sample was 0.077%. Conclusions: All forms of Pap smear abnormalities among STD clinic attendees were relatively high (24.2%) due to concurrent infections and inflammation. The rate of cervical cytological abnormalities was 2.2% while the cervical cancer rate was 0.077% in the sample. There was no significant difference between groups with and without cervical cytological changes. Sri Lanka Journal of Venereology Vol.5(1) 2014: 20-30
Highlights
Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women in Sri Lanka
Almost all cases of cervical cancer Hre caused by specific types ofhuman papillomavirus (HPV)
Half the sample was unemployed (50.5%) while 22% reported that commercial sex work (CSW) as their occupation and 3.5% were massage parlour or night club workers (Table 1)
Summary
Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women in Sri Lanka. According to the Cancer Registry in Sri Lanka, the incidence of cervical cancer for the year 2005 was reported as 161100,000 population (0.016%). It is the second commonest cancer among females and accounts for 12.1 % of all cancers among women. Almost all cases of cervical cancer Hre caused by specific types ofhuman papillomavirus (HPV). About 15 are considered to be cancer-causing or high risk types. Two of the high risk types, HPV-16 and HPV-18, cause about 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. Persistent HPV infections can cause cellular dysplasia that sometimes develops into cervical cancers if not treated. Persistent HPV infections can cause cellular dysplasia that sometimes develops into cervical cancers if not treated. (3)
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