Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence by sex and race/ethnicity. In this study, we examined the impact of vaccination on these disparities. We examined participants aged 18-59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2016 who reported their HPV vaccination status and submitted an adequate oral sample (N = 9437). Oral prevalence of HPV, grouped by any, low-risk, high-risk, 4 valent (4v) HPV, 9 valent (9v) HPV, and nonvaccine types, was examined by sex, race/ethnicity, and vaccination status. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by vaccination status. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The prevalence of any, nonvaccine, low-risk, high-risk, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV types was higher among males than females, even among vaccinated participants. Examination of racial/ethnic differences demonstrated differences in all HPV groups among unvaccinated males and among low-risk types in females. In all but the 2 vaccine-type groups, the prevalence of oral HPV was notably higher among Black males compared with other groups. Significant differences were not observed by race/ethnicity among vaccinated males or females. Males tested positive for oral HPV more frequently than females, even among those vaccinated. This may have resulted from a lower frequency of males being vaccinated before initiating oral sex than females. Vaccination of males at the recommended age, therefore, may decrease differences in oral HPV by sex. Racial/ethnic differences were observed only in unvaccinated individuals, suggesting these disparities will decrease as more individuals are vaccinated.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.