Prevalence of Nephroblastoma in Children from 0 to 15 Years at Sikasso Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Nephroblastoma or Wilms tumor is the most common renal tumor in children (90%) and accounts for 5- 10% of pediatric cancers. The WHO estimates the annual number of new cases of childhood cancer at 160,828. In Mali, nephroblastoma is the 3rd most common malignant disease in children after lymphoma and retinoblastoma. The main objective of this work is to study the frequency of renal tumors in children aged 0 to 5 years in the hospital of Sikasso. Method: This will be a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of all cases of nephroblastoma diagnosed over a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021 at Sikasso Hospital. Result: The most represented age range was 3 -7 years. Male gender was the majority in 62.50% of cases, with a sex ratio of 1.7. All patients had an abdominal mass, a lumbar contact. Patients with a duration of symptom evolution between 1 and 2 months were in the majority in 50% of cases. The tumor was unilateral in 87.50% of cases. Lung abnormalities were present in only 12.50% of cases. Hematuria was found in 37.50% of cases. Left kidney tumor was the majority in 75.00% of cases. Conclusion: Nephroblastoma remains the most frequent renal tumor in children, however, the delay in diagnosis remains a major challenge.