Prevalence of hepatitis G virus RNA in the sera of patients with HIV infection.

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The routes of transmission of the hepatitis G virus (HGV) are similar to those responsible for infection with HIV. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of HGV RNA in the sera of HIV-infected patients. The sera of 157 HIV-infected patients were assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using established primers for HGV. Patients were divided into group 1 (positive circulating hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]), group 2 (positive anti-hepatitis C virus [HCV] antibody) and group 3 (without markers for HBV or HCV). The overall prevalence of HGV RNA was 22%; prevalence was higher in group 1 (49%) than in groups 2 (16%) or 3 (7%). Patients with positive HGV RNA had laboratory values similar to HGV RNA-negative patients except for higher CD4 counts. Patients with an estimated risk duration of < or = 14 years were more likely to be HGV RNA-positive than patients at risk for >15 years. HGV RNA was found as frequently in patients with a homosexual lifestyle as in injection drug users (IDU). Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of HBsAg was the strongest factor associated with the presence of HGV RNA in serum. Patients with HIV and HBV coinfection are significantly more likely to be HGV RNA-positive. Patients with a risk factor duration for >15 years were less likely to be HGV RNA-positive, pointing to a decrease in HGV RNA prevalence over time. This study supports the notion that homosexual lifestyle, in addition to injection drug usage and blood product transfusion, is a risk factor for HGV infection.