Abstract
Background and objectives: Hearing loss present at birth is one of the major disabilities in childhood, the early detection of which can prevent further disability in speech, language and cognition. The prevalence of congenital hearing loss has been estimated to be 1.2 5.7 per thousand live births and is more among high risk neonates. In this context the present study was conducted as an attempt to find the prevalence of hearing loss among high risk neonates and the associated risk factors. Methodology: The present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Trivandrum, Kerala during the period of November 2012 to October 2014. A total of 231 high risk babies were assessed by 2 staged DPOAE screening and those who failed the second stage DPOAE screening were subjected to diagnostic Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry. Results: 0.9% of the high risk babies had hearing loss. Both the neonates who had sensorineural hearing loss were males and had identifiable risk factors, such as hyperbilirubinemia, ototoxicity, neurological deficits and congenital malformation. Conclusion: The two staged screening protocol with Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission and confirmation by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry was found to be a useful tool in detecting hearing loss in newborn. Hence the results of this study will be used to initiate universal newborn hearing screening in our hospital. Moreover our study highlights the relevance of neonatal hearing screening in our country where this screening is not performed routinely in all hospitals.
Highlights
Hearing is essential for speech and language development, communication and learning
In the present hospital based cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Trivandrum, Kerala, a total of 231 high risk babies were assessed by 2 staged Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) screening
The first stage screening was conducted for 231 neonates With Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission, of which 38 neonates (6.1%) failed the first screening test
Summary
Hearing is essential for speech and language development, communication and learning. Choosing the appropriate method and instrument in establishing the clinical diagnosis at an early stage is practically difficult In this context, the present study was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of hearing impairment among high risk newborns, in an attempt to initiate early interventions in affected children. The prevalence of congenital hearing loss has been estimated to be 1.2 – 5.7 per thousand live births and is more among high risk neonates. In this context the present study was conducted as an attempt to find the prevalence of hearing loss among high risk neonates and the associated risk factors.
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