Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) of the permanent incisors and association with alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, gender, overjet and lip coverage among 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Diamantina, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Material and Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample of 101 schoolchildren (46.5% males and 53.4% females) selected from public and private schools. The diagnosis of TDI was performed by a dentist who had undergone a training and calibration exercise using the Andreasen classification. Data analysis involved the determination of frequency distribution and the chi-squared test (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence rates of TDI, alcohol consumption and binge drinking were 33.7%, 37.6% and 24.8%, respectively. The main type of TDI was enamel fracture (53.6%), followed by enamel + dentin fracture without pulp exposure (n=29; 4%). Only 9.8% of the adolescents with TDI underwent subsequent treatment. Significant associations were found between TDI and the male gender (p=0.029), overjet (p<0.0001) and inadequate lip coverage (p<0.0001). No associations were found with socioeconomic status (p=0.579), household income (p=0.776), alcohol consumption (p=0.281) or binge drinking (p=0.207). Conclusion: High prevalence rates of TDI, alcohol consumption and binge drinking were found among the 12-year-olds analyzed. TDI was associated with gender and lip coverage, but no associations were found with socioeconomic status or alcohol consumption.
Highlights
Dental trauma is one of the most serious public health problems among children and adolescents
The main type of traumatic dental injury (TDI) was enamel fracture (53.6%), followed by enamel + dentin fracture without pulp exposure (n=29; 4%)
TDI was associated with gender and lip coverage, but no associations were found with socioeconomic status or alcohol consumption
Summary
Dental trauma is one of the most serious public health problems among children and adolescents. This is due to its high prevalence, high psychosocial impact and the high cost of treatment [1]. In Brazil, prevalence studies of permanent dentition demonstrated that results relating to 12-year-old students ranged from 10% [4] to 58.6% [3]. There are several factors associated with the etiology of dental trauma, with the most important being impacts, falls, sporting activities, and car and bicycle accidents [5]. Other risk factors associated with dental trauma, such as environmental factors and the adoption of risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption are rarely discussed in literature [9,10]. An expansion of the discussion of this subject may increase understanding of the problem and assist in the implementation of prevention programs and greater control of these public health problems
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