Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria ESKAPE among Healthy People Estimated by Monitoring of Municipal Wastewater.

Masateru Nishiyama,Susan Praise,Hiroaki Baba,Toru Watanabe,Hajime Kanamori,Keiichi Tsurumaki

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050495

Masateru Nishiyama, Susan Praise + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050495

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Journal: Antibiotics	Publication Date: Apr 26, 2021
Citations: 13	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Yamagata University, Tohoku University

Abstract

There is increasing attention toward factors that potentially contribute to antibiotic resistance (AR), as well as an interest in exploring the emergence and occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB). We monitored six ARBs that cause hospital outbreaks in wastewater influent to highlight the presence of these ARBs in the general population. We analyzed wastewater samples from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) and hospital wastewater (HW) for six species of ARB: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria (CARBA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteria (ESBL), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). We registered a high percentage of ARBs in MWWTP samples (>66%) for all ARBs except for MDRP, indicating a high prevalence in the population. Percentages in HW samples were low (<78%), and no VRE was detected throughout the study. CARBA and ESBL were detected in all wastewater samples, whereas MDRA and MRSA had a high abundance. This result demonstrated the functionality of using raw wastewater at MWWTP to monitor the presence and extent of ARB in healthy populations. This kind of surveillance will contribute to strengthening the efforts toward reducing ARBs through the detection of ARBs to which the general population is exposed.

Highlights

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has become one of the major health threats worldwide [1,2,3].As concerns grow, there is increasing attention and interest toward factors that potentially contribute to AR apart from the clinical ones [2], as well as an interest in exploring the emergence and occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) [3]
The absolute mean values were higher at hospital wastewater (HW) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), and at WW1 and WW2
The absolute mean values were higher at HW for MRSA, MDRP, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA) but there was no significant difference in geometric means

Summary

Introduction

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has become one of the major health threats worldwide [1,2,3]. There is increasing attention and interest toward factors that potentially contribute to AR apart from the clinical ones [2], as well as an interest in exploring the emergence and occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) [3]. The enormous health and economic impacts presented by AR result from the overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals, poor hygiene and sanitation, and inefficient prevention and control of infections in healthcare settings [4]. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics is a key factor contributing to the alarming increase in ARB [1]. Antibiotics are widely used in human medicine and across veterinary and agricultural practices for various purposes [8]

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