Abstract
The inactivating effect of ozone (O3)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O3/H2O2, O3/UV, and O3/UV/H2O2 systems) on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria (AMSB) in sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater was investigated. The AMRB were grouped into six classes: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE); these classes constituted the World Health Organization (WHO) global priority list of AMRB. The results indicate that O3-based advanced wastewater treatment inactivated all AMRB and AMSB (>99.9%) after 10 min of treatment, and significant differences (p < 0.5) were not observed in the disinfection of AMRB and AMSB by each treatment. Altered taxonomic diversity of micro-organisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing via O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2 treatment showed that advanced wastewater treatments not only inactivated AMRB but also removed antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs) in the wastewater. Consequently, this study recommends the use of advanced wastewater treatments for treating the STP effluent, reducing environmental pollution, and alleviating the potential hazard to human health caused by AMRB, AMSB, and infectious diseases. Overall, this study provides a new method for assessing environmental risks associated with the spread of AMRB and AMSB in aquatic environments, while keeping the water environment safe and maintaining human health.
Highlights
The detection concentrations of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) ranged from 58 to 814 colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) in the sewage treatment plant (STP) influent, N.D. to 201 CFU/mL in the STP secondary effluent, and N.D. to 34 CFU/mL in the STP effluent. These results show that AMRB were widely present in the wastewater, and they were almost removed in the wastewater treatment process of the STP; some of them (ESBL-E, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus) were discharged into the river as effluent after chlorine disinfection treatment
Inactivation rate constants were improved by the combined use of UV irradiation with O3 ; the reaction rate constants of O3 and ultraviolet rays (O3 /UV) and O3 /UV/H2 O2 treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced when compared with O3 /H2 O2 treatment for both AMRB and antimicrobialsusceptible bacteria (AMSB)
The effectiveness of inactivation induced by O3 -based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for AMRB and AMSB
Summary
The inactivating effect of ozone (O3 )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O3 /H2 O2 , O3 /UV, and O3 /UV/H2 O2 systems) on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobialsusceptible bacteria (AMSB) in sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater was investigated. The. AMRB were grouped into six classes: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE); these classes constituted the World. Health Organization (WHO) global priority list of AMRB. Altered taxonomic diversity of micro-organisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing via O3 /UV and O3 /UV/H2 O2 treatment showed that advanced wastewater treatments inactivated AMRB and removed antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs) in the wastewater
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