Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the expression of angiogenesis (VEGF and PDGF), angiogenesis inhibitor markers (angiostatin and endostatin), proliferation (Ki67), and apoptosis markers (p53 and p16) of cervical cancer in Indian population and to correlate them with the clinicopathological profile. It is a descriptive study of consecutive cases of cervical cancer from Saveetha Medical College and Hospital between January 2017 and December 2018. The expression of angiogenesis, angiogenesis inhibitor markers, Ki67, p53, and p16 in 60 cases of cervical sections were detected by the immunohistochemical method and analyzed with clinicopathological data. VEGF expression was positive in 16 cases (26.67%) and negative in 20 cases (33.33%). As of PDGF, 3 cases (3.33%) have shown positivity to PDGF and 33 cases have shown negativity. Angiostatin and endostatin expression was reported to be positive in 10 (16.67%) and 21 (35%) cases, respectively. Most of the cases 57 (95%) have shown both p16 and Ki67 positivity. Although p53 expression was positive in 48 cases (80%), the remaining 12 cases (20%) were p53-negative. The PDGF expression was significantly correlated to the stage of tumors. No statistically significant association was observed between angiogenesis inhibitor markers and clinicopathological parameters. A significant positive correlation was noticed between the Ki67 expression and stage of tumors.
Highlights
According to the WHO, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among malignant tumors in women worldwide [1]
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has been determined as the main risk factor for cervical cancer
Several clinical studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis play a prognostic role in advanced squamous cell carcinoma, being associated in most cases with poor prognosis and decreased survival [13,14,15,16]
Summary
According to the WHO, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among malignant tumors in women worldwide [1]. 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries [3, 4]. In India, 122844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually and 67477 die from the disease [5]. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has been determined as the main risk factor for cervical cancer. Previous clinical evidences showed that the development of cervical cancer is a multifactorial process in which HPV infection takes a central place along with other risk factors such as smoking, immunosuppression, immunodeficiency, diet, parity, age at first full term pregnancy, and family history [6]
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