Abstract
Background:Infection with an oncogenic type of human papillomavirus is a prerequisite for the development of precancerous cervical lesions and its subsequent progression to cervical cancer. With an alarming increase in the detection of other suspicious papillomavirus genotypes in both healthy and women with cervical lesions, there is a need for comprehensive data on cervical papillomavirus infection to address cervical cancer and other associated disease burden, especially in Sub-Sarahan Africa, where the bulk of the problem exists. The present study was conducted to develop comprehensive data on the prevalence and circulating genotypes of human papillomavirus in various risk categories in Nigeria. Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications on cervical papillomavirus infection were performed. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from inception to July 31, 2019. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. We identified 327 potential studies and pooled data from 18, involving 5697 women aged 15-86 years. Results:The overall pooled prevalence of cervical papillomavirus infection was 42% (95%CI: 30-54%) in the general population and 37% (95%CI: 25-50%) among women living with HIV/AIDs, with the predominance of genotypes 16, 18, 31, 35, 52, 58 and 45. The highest prevalence was observed in teenagers and young adults and the second peak in women 50 years and above. Conclusion:The prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection is cumulatively high in Nigeria and HIV is a strong co-factor. We, therefore, strongly recommend the co-screening of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer and integration of the intervention strategy into the existing HIV-care guideline in Nigeria.
Highlights
The link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer is one of the highest identified causative agents of cervical cancer in human cancerology, with almost all cases attributed to sexually acquired oncogenic genotypes, qualifying HPVs second after cigarette smoking as a risk factor for human cancers
Infection with an oncogenic type of human papillomavirus is a prerequisite for the development of precancerous cervical lesions and its subsequent progression to cervical cancer
In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is significant regional variation in the incidence of HPV infection and cervical cancer, and the highest burden was observed in the East and Southern parts (De Vuyst et al, 2013)
Summary
The link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer is one of the highest identified causative agents of cervical cancer in human cancerology, with almost all cases attributed to sexually acquired oncogenic genotypes, qualifying HPVs second after cigarette smoking as a risk factor for human cancers. With an alarming increase in the detection of other suspicious papillomavirus genotypes in both healthy and women with cervical lesions, there is a need for comprehensive data on cervical papillomavirus infection to address cervical cancer and other associated disease burden, especially in Sub-Sarahan Africa, where the bulk of the problem exists. The present study was conducted to develop comprehensive data on the prevalence and circulating genotypes of human papillomavirus in various risk categories in Nigeria. Results: The overall pooled prevalence of cervical papillomavirus infection was 42% (95%CI: 30-54%) in the general population and 37% (95%CI: 25-50%) among women living with HIV/AIDS, with the predominance of genotypes 16, 18, 31, 35, 52, 58 and 45. Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection is cumulatively high in Nigeria and HIV is a strong co-factor.
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