Prevalence and Risk Factors of Uropathogens in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Attending a University Medical Centre in Awka Anambra State

Abstract

Diabetes is the most endocrinological disease associated with different life-threatening infections. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections affecting diabetic patients and a major cause of hospitalization and even death. The purpose of the study includes determining the prevalence of UTI, isolation and characterization of the different bacterial uropathogens and comparative evaluation of the risk factors associated with UTIs for both diabetic and nondiabetic patients attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Medical center Awka, Anambra state. A total of 200, clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected aseptically (100 each from diabetic and 100 from non-diabetic patients). The samples were cultured in different nutrient media. These plates were incubated at 37℃ for 24hrs. The isolates were identified using colony morphology, Gram staining reaction and biochemical tests. The demographic data was obtained from the result of the structured standardized questionnaires and data collated where statistically analysed using statistical package (SPSS) to show their relationship with UTI. This study revealed the overall UTI prevalence of 72/200 (36%) among diabetic and non-diabetic patients from 18years and above. The prevalence among diabetic participants is (61.1%) and that of the non-diabetic is (38.9%). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with (34.6%) in diabetics and (46.43%) in non-diabetics, followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (31.8%) in diabetics and (14.39%) in non-diabetics. Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.4%) for diabetics, (10.71%) in non-diabetics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.1%) for diabetics and (17.86%) for non-diabetics. Proteus mirabilis 4(9.1%) for diabetics and (10.7%) for non-diabetics. The findings demonstrated that age, female gender, married individuals, diabetes, and hospitalization were all statistically associated with UTI and UTI was more prevalent in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. Proper knowledge of risk factors of UTI in diabetic and nondiabetic patients may allow intervention and easy management of UTI in diabetic patients.