Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

Cognitive frailty can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults. Estimates of the prevalence of cognitive frailty among older adults with diabetes varied widely in literature. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty and risk factors in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes, providing evidence for healthcare professionals to better understand the status of cognitive frailty and help develop effective interventions. Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Proquest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Biology Medicine were searched from inception to February 10th, 2022. The reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of studies. Pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty and risk factors were estimated. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also conducted. A total of 15 studies with 6391 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty was 11% (95%CI=7.9-14%) in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes. Pooled estimates showed that increasing age, higher level of HbA1c, shorter night sleep duration and depression were risk factors, and regular exercise was the protective factor of cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes. Cognitive frailty was common in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes. Routine screening of cognitive frailty and effective interventions should be implemented for this population in community settings. PROSPERO ID CRD42021276973.