Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients in cameroon: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a worldwide problem and is a major cause for comorbidity in hypertensive patients. In an attempt to enhance awareness and to help in establishing preventive measures and care, it is necessary to describe CKD among newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the characteristics of CKD among newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, hypertensive patients in four health-care centers in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Sociodemographic and biological data were collected and serum creatinine was measured by enzymatic - colorimetric methods. We calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and described CKD as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic regression was further used to develop early clues of association. We included 839 newly diagnosed hypertensive treatment naïve patients, among which 412 (49.1%) men. The mean [±standard deviation (SD)] age was 51 (±11) years and was higher among those with CKD. Seventy-six had a family history of hypertension and 65 were known diabetic patients. Mean (±SD) eGFR was 94.4 (±33.3) mL/min and the prevalence of CKD was 12.4% (104/839). From multivariate logistic regression, age >55 years [OR: 5.29 (3.33-8.42)], obesity [OR: 0.15 (0.10-0.26)], kalemia [OR: 1.33 (1.03-1.72)] were independently associated to CKD. CKD is a common condition in newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients in Cameroon. Individuals with hypertension should be carefully evaluated for the presence of CKD, especially those with decreased GFR.