Abstract
BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern and diabetes is one of the main risk factors for its occurrence and progression. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a cross-sectional population of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary health centers in North West Bank.MethodsPatient data including patient characteristics, creatinine level, blood pressure, HbA1c, and hypertension and period of diabetes were obtained from primary health care centers. The eGFR has been determined using the CKD-EPI equation. CKD was staged according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Framework (KDIGO) guideline. Both univariable and multivariable statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease among diabetic adults in North West Bank was found to be 23.6% (95% CI: 19.4–28.1%) divided as follows: 19.7% had stage 3 CKD, 2.6% had stage 4 CKD and 1.3% had stage 5 CKD. In multivariable logistic regression, CKD was significantly associated with Age ≥ 60 years [adjusted OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8–5.9], hypertension [adjusted OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 2.2–15.2], and smoking [adjusted OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–4.2].ConclusionsCKD is very prevalent among diabetic adults in Palestine. Co-morbid hypertension, smoking and older age has been shown to increase the risk of developing CKD. Extensive screening for diabetic patients to diagnose CKD at an early stage and to follow more aggressive treatment methods for diabetes as well as other important risk factors, especially hypertension and smoking, is recommended.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern and diabetes is one of the main risk factors for its occurrence and progression
In Palestine, all patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are referred to the Primary Health Care (PHC) directorates in their cities, where they receive diabetes care, treatment and follow-up on a regular basis
Worldwide, there are an estimated 200 million people with CKD who are vulnerable to the development of ESRD if no action is taken in the early stages to diagnose and treat them [22]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern and diabetes is one of the main risk factors for its occurrence and progression. One in every 11 adults has DM, 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This number has Chronic DM hyperglycemia is known to be one of the main causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in addition to hypertension. It is defined as renal structure or function abnormalities, present for > 3 months, with. CKD is graded on the basis of origin, category GFR and category Albuminuria (CGA) [5]
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