Abstract
In developed countries 50% - 75% of deaths from cardiovascular-diseases occurs out-of-hospital. In Nigeria where patronage of orthodox health facilities is low, the impact of cardiovascular-related diseases on out-of-hospital mortality has been sparsely studied. To determine the prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular-related causes of out-of-hospital deaths in Lagos, Nigeria. A 5-year retrospective review of all autopsied medical decedents brought-in-dead (BID) to a Nigerian tertiary health facility to identify cardiovascular-related causes of death. A total of 90 cardiovascular-related deaths out of 176 medical BID cases were identified, giving a prevalence of 51.1%. Mean age was 65.2 ± 15.6 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.4: 1, the females were older (68.29 ± 14.89) vs (61.63 ± 15.55) years. Age group > 60 years accounted for 63.3% of deaths. Commonest primary diseases were hypertensive heart disease (48.9%) and cerebrovascular accident (24.4%). Myocardial infarction occurred in 8.9%. Heart failure, cerebral dysfunction and unspecified circulatory collapse were the causes of death in 54.4%, 23.3% and 14.4% respectively. Cardiovascular-related diseases are major contributors to out-of-hospital medical deaths occurring chiefly in those >60 years. Hypertensive heart disease and heart failure are the greatest contributors to this cardiovascular-related disease mortality.
Highlights
In 2008, 63% of global deaths were reported due to non-communicable-diseases, 48% of which were due to cardiovascular-related-diseases alone.[1]
Though cardiovascular-diseases contributed only 8.8% of the deaths recorded in sub-Saharan Africa,[2] the global mortality burden from cardiovascular-diseases has been projected to increase by 20% by year 2020 with the greatest contribution expected from regions such as sub-Saharan Africa.[1]
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular- related causes of out-of-hospital deaths in Lagos, Nigeria. Study design This was a 5-year retrospective, descriptive study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), a tertiary health facility situated in Lagos: a cosmopolitan city of Nigeria
Summary
In 2008, 63% of global deaths were reported due to non-communicable-diseases, 48% of which were due to cardiovascular-related-diseases alone.[1] Over 80% of those deaths from cardiovascular-diseases occurred in developing countries, with majority being in those below. In developed countries 50% - 75% of deaths from cardiovascular-diseases occurs out-of-hospital. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular-related causes of out-of-hospital deaths in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of all autopsied medical decedents brought-in-dead (BID) to a Nigerian tertiary health facility to identify cardiovascular-related causes of death. Conclusion: Cardiovascular-related diseases are major contributors to out-of-hospital medical deaths occurring in those >60 years. Prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular-related causes of out-of- hospital deaths in Lagos, Nigeria.
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