Abstract
BackgroundTrichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic characterization of T. vaginalis and contrasted the most prevalent strains of T. vaginalis isolated from Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China.ResultsIn Xinxiang from September 2015 to September 2017, a total of 267 (1.64%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45–1.85) clinical T. vaginalis-positive samples from vaginal secretions were observed by wet mount microscopy from 16,294 women with some clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis. We found that trichomoniasis frequently occurred in the 21- to 40-year-old age group and in winter. After the 267 clinical T. vaginalis positive samples were cultured, 68 isolates of T. vaginalis were harvested and identified as genotype E (58.82%), H (17.65%), mixed 1 (17.65%) and mixed 2 (5.88%) using a sensitive and reliable polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) typing method on the actin gene. The phylogenetic diversity analysis showed that the genotype E samples fell within a separate clade compared to the other T. vaginalis isolates, while the samples of the genotype H separated into two clades.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a notable gene polymorphism of clinical isolates from the targeted population and provide insight into the performance of these genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of trichomoniasis. However, further studies are needed to clarify the association between a certain genotype and the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.
Highlights
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease, worldwide
The prevalence of T. vaginalis A total of 267 (1.64%, 95% CI: 1.45–1.85%) clinically positive T. vaginalis samples from vaginal secretions were collected from 16,294 women with some clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis, including vaginitis, urethritis, low birth weight infants and preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, and infertility
The phylogenetic diversity analysis showed that the genotype E samples fell within a separate clade compared to the other T. vaginalis isolates, while the samples of the genotype H separated into two clades
Summary
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease, worldwide. Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), which causes non-viral sexually transmitted disease, is a protozoan that parasitizes the urogenital tract of humans, leading to trichomoniasis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has predicted that 2–5% of clinical T. vaginalis isolates have some level of drug resistance to metronidazole [6]. PCR and its related methods are widely used in molecular epidemiology for genetic studies of organisms, depending on their sensitivity and reliability [7]. Far, these methods for studying the genetic diversity of parasites include PCRhybridization, PCR-size polymorphism, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-RFLP [8]. PCR-RFLP possesses both the reliability of RFLP and the sensitivity of PCR; it is an appropriate method of strain typing assessment [8]
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