Prevalence and Epidemiology of Diabetes in West Africa: Trends and Challenges

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major public health concern in West Africa, marked by a notable rise in prevalence due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic factors. This review examines the current epidemiology of diabetes in the region, discussing key trends, risk factors, and the socioeconomic determinants contributing to its rising prevalence. Urbanization has led to sedentary lifestyles and increased consumption of energy-dense diets, significantly raising Type 2 diabetes cases. Epidemiological analysis shows that factors such as genetic predispositions, obesity, and socioeconomic disparities impact diabetes risk and management. Diabetes management faces numerous challenges, including limited healthcare infrastructure, low public awareness, and financial barriers that hinder access to essential care, diagnostics, and medications. Addressing this growing crisis requires a multifaceted approach, involving improved healthcare systems, targeted awareness campaigns, and socioeconomic support to foster early detection and promote healthier lifestyle choices. This review emphasizes the urgency for collaborative efforts to mitigate the diabetes burden and improve outcomes for affected populations in West Africa. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, West Africa, prevalence, epidemiology, Type 2 diabetes, public health, urbanization.