Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a complication of diabetes that often leads to the End Stage Renal Disease. It is characterised by the presence of persistent albuminuria and a reduction of the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in diabetic condition. No study has revealed the prevalence of DKD in Cameroon. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Buea and Ngaoundere to determine the prevalence of DKD and characterize its biochemical profile in diabetic population under medical care. A total of 250 diabetics were enrolled with a mean age of 56.78±12.06 years, out of which 59.6% were diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), 32.8% presented micro-albuminuria and 3.6% were diagnosed with macroalbuminuria. The prevalence of DKD was 15.2% out of which 78.9% were females (p=0.002). The prevalence of the co-morbidity hypertension and DKD was 8.8%. Significant association was found between DKD and two variables: female gender (OR: 2.28 (1.21-4.29); p=0.002) and hyper-creatinemia (OR: 3.47 (2.13-5.66); p < 0.001). The high prevalence of micro-albuminuria found in this study may reflect a high frequency of micro-albuminuria in diabetic population in Cameroon. This study is the first, to assess DKD in Cameroon according to the ADA consensus on CKD and diabetes. The findings showed that, diabetic complication is a serious problem in Cameroon and, more actions should be taken to improve its management.
Highlights
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), a complication that occurs in about 20 to 40% of diabetic population [1] can progress to the End Stage of Renal Disease
Despite the confusion within these diseases, a consensus has been achieved by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) and the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) to validate an approach for the identification, diagnostic and management of DKD
We considered the presence of retinopathy coupled to micro-albuminuria as a marker of DKD in diabetic condition, without any other cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) [5]
Summary
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), a complication that occurs in about 20 to 40% of diabetic population [1] can progress to the End Stage of Renal Disease. The ADA consensus conference on CKD and diabetes recommended the diagnosis of DKD using laboratory assessment by the identification of the estimated GFR at a level less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and, the presence of kidney damages, estimated by albuminuria greater or equal to 30 mg/g of creatinine [5]. This recommendation has facilitated the clinical identification of DKD and helped in the understanding of the epidemiology of this disease. This present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of DKD in diabetic population and, to characterize their biochemical profile
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