Abstract
Objective: The investigation aims to study the prevalence and correlates of frailty in a national community-dwelling sample of older Indonesians. Methods: Participants were 2630 older adults, 60 years and older (median age 66.0 years, interquartile range = 9.0) who took part in the cross-sectional Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014–2015. They were requested to provide information about sociodemographic and various health variables, including frailty. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was utilized to estimate the correlates of socio-demographic factors, health variables, and frailty. Results: The overall prevalence of frailty was 8.1%; 61.6% were prefrail. In adjusted Poisson regression analysis, older age, being unmarried, separated, divorced or widowed, residing in Java and major island groups, poor cognitive functioning, loneliness, and functional disability were associated with frailty. Conclusion: Several sociodemographic and health risk factors for frailty were identified that can help in guiding intervention strategies in Indonesia.
Highlights
Frailty syndrome can be conceptualized as “a clinical syndrome or as deficits/co-morbidities/disabilities accumulation.” [1]
In adjusted Poisson regression analysis, older age, being unmarried, separated, divorced or widowed, residing in Java and major island groups, poor cognitive functioning, loneliness, and functional disability were positively associated with frailty
A higher prevalence of frailty was found among geriatric clinic patients in Indonesia (25.2%) [8], which may be explained by the differences in the recruitment setting; a higher prevalence of frailty is expected in geriatric clinic patients at referral hospitals than in a community setting
Summary
Frailty syndrome can be conceptualized as “a clinical syndrome (phenotype) or as deficits/co-morbidities/disabilities accumulation.” [1]. Using these two concepts, an individual can be classified as “normal (fit/robust), pre-frail, and frail” [2,3]. One of the most common methods to understand frailty as a syndrome in population-based studies is using operational criteria for the frailty phenotype [5,6]. The prevalence of frailty in individuals 60 years and older in low- and middle-income countries was 17.4% and pre-frailty 49.3% [7]. In a study of 448 geriatric clinic patients (60 years and older) in Indonesia, 25.2% were frail [8].
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