Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from Urine of Patients Attending Ajikobi Hospital, Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is becoming the next public health emergency as opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus are gaining resistance to frontline antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in urine samples of patients attending Ajikobi Cottage Hospital in Ilorin, Kwara State. A total of 170 urine samples from male and female patients of 10- 70 years age groups were aseptically collected and cultured on mannitol salt agar for isolation. Biochemical tests were carried out for identification, and antbiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. A total of 46 (27%) S. aureus were obtained, 40 (36%) from females and 6 (10%) from males. The highest occurrence was recorded between the ages of 21-30 and 31-40 years, with 35% and 23%, with females in these groups accounting for 55% and 22%, respectively. This accounts for a high-rate of bacterial infection amongst sexually active women of child bearing age groups. This was followed by 19% and 17% for age groups 10-20 and 41-50, respectively. The lowest incidence from this research was recorded in age groups above 50 years, with 0%. Antibiotics sensitivity profiles of the 46 isolates of S. aureus tested showed that 71% were resistant to ampicillin, followed by 50% resistance to erythromycin, 43% to amoxicillin, followed by 26%, 19%, 13% and 8.6% resistance to cefoxitin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin respectively. A total of 5 (10.8%) multidrug-resistant S. aureus was recorded from this study. Resistance to vancomycin from this study is of public health concern that requires due attention, as vancomycin is a last-resort antibiotic used to treat serious infections.