Abstract
Starch-Free Sugar Palm Trunk (Arenga pinnata) can be utilized to produce bioethanol because of their high lignocellulosic contents. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials consist of pre-treatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. In this work, conversion of starch-free sugar palm trunk (Arenga pinnata) to fermentable sugar and bioethanol was carried out through g pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. The pretreatment was carried out by addition of 1% (v/v) HNO3 and NH4OH for 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The saccharification was carried out at enzyme celullase loadings of 10 and 20 FPU/g and substrate loadings of 10 and 20 g for NH4OH pretreated samples. Fermentation was carried out using two methods i.e. separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques. The results showed that pretreatment using NH4OH was more effective than HNO3for 60 minutes. IFurthermore, the results also presented the reduction of the lignin content of 9.44% and the increase of cellulose content to 18.56% for 1% (v/v) NH4OH 60 min of pretreatment. The increase of enzyme cellulase (20 FPU/g substrate) and substrate loading (20 g) could produce more reducing sugar (17.423 g/L and 19.233 g/L) than that at 10 FPU/g substrate and 10 g substrate (11.423 g/L and 17.423 g/L), respectively. The comparison of SHF and SSF showed that SHF process yielded higher ethanol (8.11 g/L) as compared to SSF (3.95 g/L) and nontreatment process (0.507 g/L) for 72 h..
Highlights
1 Introduction the central part of the stem after the palm tree is no longer producing sap [6]
Bioethanol is produced by fermentation of the current biofuel production has been moved towards non- fermentable sugars generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of food raw materials, such as forestry or agricultural cellulose and hemicellulose which are structural residues
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatments of starch free sugar palm trunk (SFSPT) using dilute nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide on the hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) methods to produce ethanol
Summary
1 Introduction the central part of the stem after the palm tree is no longer producing sap [6]. Renewable energy that is used to reduce the dependence Lignocellulose from industrial waste palm flour, SFSPT, on petroleum fuels and environmental impacts [2]. (Arenga pinnata) can be used to manufacture of Bioethanol fuel production from starch sources have bioethanol the environmental damage can be been widely applied especially in USA and Brazil. Sugar palm trees (Arenga pinnata) or known carbohydrates. Lignin is a complex aromatic locally as Aren Palm is one of the potential sources polymer that forms a cover surrounding the carbohydrate which have been identified for bioethanol production [3]. The sugar bamboo culms to enable bioethanol production as the palm tree generates edible fruits, starch from trunk bamboo lignin network prevents enzymatic and fibres for building material and household utensils saccharification and fermentation [8]. Tutt et al [9],
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