Presumed congenital syphilis presenting fetal ascites and chorangiosis: a case report

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Congenital syphilis is a worldwide health problem. Diagnosis sometimes is difficult and an extensive evaluation is necessary. We report the case of fetal ascites and pericardial effusion, in addition to a positive treponemal test in fetal ascites and maternal blood. Although maternal treatment was adequate, placental examination revealed chorangiosis. The newborn was asymptomatic with normal screening for syphilis. Clinicians should always suspect congenital syphilis in an asymptomatic newborn with positive previous treponemal test in fetal ascites and reinforces the importance of placental analysis, especially in countries with a high prevalence of the disease.