Pressure vessel integrity and weld inspection procedure

Abstract

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to develop a simple methodology which, when coupled with existing observations on pressure vessel behavior, provides an interrelation between nuclear pressure vessel weld integrity and the parameters of the in-service inspection program, including inspection sample size, frequency and efficiency. The basic input information on rate of generation and development of weld flaws of different sizes and types is drawn primarily from published British and German studies taken almost exclusively from welds of non-nuclear pressure vessels. The input information is varied to reflect differences in weld quality and uncertainty of input data. A modified Markov process is employed and a computer code written to obtain numerical results. If it is assumed that the quality of nuclear reactor welds are the same as the quality of non-nuclear welds (i.e. the data base), then, based on the limitations of the model, the predicted critically sized defect concentration is about 50 × 10−7 per weld at the end of weld life for welds under both high and low stress if ASME, Section XI, In-Service Inspection Requirements are applied. Based on the British data and the less stringent inspection standards (compared to Section XI) the estimated number of critically sized defects per weld at the end of weld life is 250 × 10−7 and 170 × 10−7 per weld for high and low stressed welds, respectively. If it is assumed that the nuclear reactor pressure vessel welds have superior quality to the non-nuclear welds, then the model predicts an appropriately lower probability of critical defects at the end of weld life. A variety of other sensitivity studies are included in the report. Also, a simple methodology to provide an optimal weld inspection program which is consistent with a minimum cost criteria is outlined. It should be noted that the results of this study are based on the limitations of the simple model that was used and on a variety of corresponding assumptions.