Presidency on elderly people with arterial hypertension and mellitus diabetes: literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging is now a global event, determining greater growth of the elderly population in relation to the other age groups. The hearing loss due to aging is known as presbycusis, characterized by bilaterally decreased auditory acuity, generally for high frequency sounds, due to degenerative and physiological changes in the auditory system that have arisen with increasing age. Studies have shown that chronic diseases affecting the elderly may be related to hearing disorders. Among these diseases, the most frequent are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Objective To describe the hearing loss of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) from a bibliographic survey. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review research carried out in the SciELO database. Inclusion criteria were: complete scientific papers published in the Portuguese language, published in the period from 2011 to 2015,that present in the title some of the descriptors: elderly, diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension. Results and Discussion: We found 27 articles, of which 7 were selected for the review, since the others did not present data relevant to the research, were duplicated and did not fit the other inclusion criteria. According to the research, drastic changes were observed when comparing the elderly living with DM and SAH with those without chronic diseases, also showing an adverse effect on the cochlea, resulting in the loss of hair cells that, through mechanotransition, detect the sounds. Conclusion: It can be observed that the elderly with DM and SAH presented higher hearing loss of high frequency neurosensory when compared to groups without these chronic diseases, suggesting a synergistic effect of the medications to treat the pathologies.