Abstract
Pakistan is a developing country that is experiencing a shortage of electricity generation due to its rapidly growing demand. The existing and upcoming energy requirements for power generation and future transportation can be met by efficient utilisation of homegrown biomass resources. Determining the present energy mix resources in various sectors of the country is important. This article analyses the biomass resources and their potential and bioenergy utilisation in Pakistan. An overview of the global renewable energy scenario is presented. This article accentuates the importance and challenges of new technologies and estimates the current and future share of power generation from renewable sources, focusing on the technical potential of biomass energy, which is obtained from agricultural residues, animal manure and municipal solid wastes in Pakistan. This paper highlights the developing technologies that are primarily used to convert biomass waste into energy and presents a critical consideration on future directions in drafting the bioenergy framework policy in Pakistan. For effective implementation of biomass-based renewable energy production in the country, this paper presents an extensive literature review on current and future perspectives and suggestions on future directions and policies to overcome the deficit in electricity supply and environmental concerns. Furthermore, this paper discusses the utilisation of biomass resources in the rapidly growing transportation sector and presents a solution for upcoming mass transit projects in two major cities in Pakistan. The conclusion is that biomass energy is the most sustainable, eco-friendly and efficient renewable energy and is an emerging renewable energy resource that can meet the growing energy demand in Pakistan.
Highlights
Increasing energy requirements have led to daily energy crises caused by the high energy demand throughout the world
This study examines the utilisation of crop residues in biomass energy resources for electricity generation, as listed in Table 27 [74]
This article presents an extensive analysis of the biomass renewable energy potential in Pakistan based on the current energy scenario and future evaluation of biomass potential in electricity generation and in transportation fuel
Summary
Increasing energy requirements have led to daily energy crises caused by the high energy demand throughout the world. With the expansion over time, energy consumption is increasing tremendously due to the rapidly growing world population and higher standard of living; meeting the energy demand to fulfil the needs of society and economic growth is becoming highly challenging [2]. The world’s energy demands are primarily met by fossil fuel resources These conventional energy sources are important in economic growth but have negative effects on the environment and human health. Renewable resources that ensure the replenishment of ecological processes within a relatively short period of time are desirable They are environmentally friendly in nature and can serve as substitutes to meet fossil fuel demands. The use of renewable energy sources in electric power generation to meet the growing energy demand is characterised by socio-economic violability and environmental preference in terms of their low environmental costs. Solar and wind technologies have experienced double-digit growth rates annually [13,14]
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