Present and Prospective Advancements in the Field of Deep Brain Stimulation Technology

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the neurosurgery domain allows for precise control of particular neural circuits. DBS has shown significant therapeutic effectiveness in the management of essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, ongoing research is investigating the potential of DBS as a therapy modality for several additional conditions characterized by aberrant circuitry, including depression and dementia. Over the last two decades, there has been a gradual improvement in DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) devices, which today integrate an extension wire, pulse generator, and intracranial electrode. These components have been borrowed from the field of cardiology. The present paradigm of DBS is expected to undergo significant changes due to recent breakthroughs in technology and imaging, as well as a more comprehensive understanding of brain illnesses. Anticipated advancements in the tolerability and efficacy of DBS may be attributed to progress made in several areas, including battery and electrodes designing, stimulation systems, on-demand and closed-loop stimulation, including sensor technologies. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the historical and projected trajectory of DBS technology. By retrospectively examining the progress of DBS, we may enhance our understanding and recognition of our current position, as well as proactively forecast the next obstacles and prospects.