Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly population worldwide and is defined as a chronic, progressive disorder characterized by changes occurring within the macula reflective of the ageing process. At present, the prevalence of AMD is currently rising and is estimated to increase by a third by 2020. Although our understanding of the several components underpinning the pathogenesis of this condition has increased significantly, the treatment options for this condition remain substantially limited. In this review, we outline the existing arsenal of therapies available for AMD and discuss the additional role of further novel therapies currently under investigation for this debilitating disease.
Highlights
The concept of vision has been considered an enigma that has tantalised and tested eminent scholars since antiquity
This review aims to provide an overview on both the current and emerging interventions which may serve as the future treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Defined as “discrete lesions consisting of lipids and proteins” [15], these amorphous deposits accumulate within the region situated between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the Bruch’s membrane (BM)
Summary
The concept of vision has been considered an enigma that has tantalised and tested eminent scholars since antiquity. When bilateral involvement occurs, patients state an acute loss in visual ability, thereby rendering them incapable of reading, driving, or distinguishing facial features and expressions [4]. Both GA and neovascular AMD orchestrate a progressive and unremitting sequential loss of central vision within the affected eye(s) cumulating to blindness. Several risk factors have been noted to increase the likelihood of developing AMD, yet, by definition, the most significant is an increasing age [4]. Prior to doing so, it is imperative to provide a background on the pathogenesis of AMD
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