Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper offers a revised conceptualization and categorization of presence, building upon Kwan Min Lee’s framework and reviewing related scholarships. The proposed approach emphasizes the afforded virtual experiences rather than the specific technologies and centers around a core definition of “presence” as the perceptual illusion of non-simulation and/or non-mediation. This revised framework encompasses a wide range of media technologies that reproduce activities, entities, or environments, excluding media narratives. By refining the understanding of presence, this paper aims to provide a more precise comprehension of the concept, its contributing factors, measurements, and the associated outcomes.
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