Abstract
ABSTRACT Ascites is a pathology characterized by the extravasation of fluid from blood vessels and its accumulation in the abdominal cavity, caused by several associated factors. In this paper, we report the occurrence of this syndrome in breeding male and female Bullfrogs fed a commercial fish feed with 40% crude protein. Liver malformation was already observed due to lack of protein deposition in adult animals from the same spawning. The culture of ascitic fluid showed absence of bacterial growth. Kidney histopathology showed, in both sexes, a large number of tubular structures with strongly eosinophilic hyaline material suggesting colloid growth in both the cortical region and spinal cord. The analysis also revealed granulomas in various stages of development, many showing central necrotic material. The kidneys, glomerular, were mostly hypoplastic, with enlarged Bowman space, and many were hyalinized or hemorrhagic; the parenchyma showed dystrophic calcification, and many tubules containing fibrinoid material. The liver displayed a large amount of melanomacrophages in the parenchyma and foci of mono-lymphocytic hepatitis and marked cytoplasmic rarefaction, as well as several hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and necrotic cells and dissociation of the hepatic trabeculae. Ascites may be caused by the lesions observed in these organs.
Highlights
Ascites may result from cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal diseases (Bertelsen and Crawshaw, 2003; Gentz, 2007; Pessier, 2009), and it is a common finding in captive wild amphibians (Pessier, 2009)
Numerous granulomas were present in various stages of development, many having central necrotic material
Bacteriological examination of the ascitic fluid showed negative results. These morphological histopathological lesions observed with the presence of melanomacrophages, rarefaction of hepatic cells, and granulomas in the liver, in addition to hyaline tubular structures/fibrin, granulomas/necrosis/abscesses, hyaline and hyperplastic glomeruli, dystrophic calcification, tubular nephritis, and hemorrhage/blood clotting in the kidney, seen in most animals, are in agreement with other experiments such as those of Pessier (2009); Vannevel (2006)
Summary
Wolf et al (1968) and Granoff (1969) presented cases of TEV (tadpole edema virus) isolated from tadpoles with the disease and from normal adult Bullfrogs Secondary contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses may be associated with ascites, further compromising the health of the animal; the importance of examining this coelomic fluid (Glorioso et al, 1974; Amborski et al, 1983; Bertelsen and Crawshaw, 2003; Greer et al, 2005; Pasteris et al, 2006; Gentz, 2007; Mazzoni et al, 2012). Knowledge of these diseases is scarce (Pessier, 2009), which makes it necessary to determine the root causes involved so that the appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic measures can be suggested (Hipolito, 2004)
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