Prescribing topological defects for the coupled Einstein and Abelian Higgs equations

Abstract

We construct multi-string solutions of the coupled Einstein and Abelian Higgs equations so that the spacetime is uniform along the time axis and a vertical direction and nontrivial geometry is coded on a Riemann surfaceM. We concentrate on the critical Bogomol'nyi phase. WhenM is compact, the Abelian Higgs model is defined by a complex line bundleL overM. We prove that, due to the coupling of the Einstein equations, the Euler characteristic ofM and the first Chern number of the line bundleL identified as the total string number impose an exact obstruction to the existence of a string solution. Such an obstruction leads to some interesting implications. We then study the existence of multi-string solutions which can realize a prescribed string distribution. We show that there are such solutions when the local string winding numbers do not exceed half of the total string number. WhenM is noncompact and globally conformal to a plane, we show that the energy scale of symmetry breaking plays a crucial role and there are finite-energy radially symmetric string solutions realizing a given string number if and only if the symmetry breaking scale is sufficiently small but nonvanishing. Finally, we obtain finite-energy multistring solutions with an arbitrary string distribution and associated local winding numbers. These solutions are not radially symmetric and are regular everywhere and topologically nontrivial so that both the energy of the matter-gauge sector and the energy of the gravitational sector viewed as the total Gauss curvature ofM are quantized.