Abstract
In this work, three kinds of hyperbranched polyamidoamine-palygorskite (PAMAM-Pal) were designed and synthesized by grafting the first generation polyamidoamine (G1.0 PAMAM), G2.0 PAMAM and G3.0 PAMAM onto Pal surfaces, respectively. Then, these PAMAM-Pals were used as additives to prepare polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/hyperbranched polyamidoamine-palygorskite bicomponent composite membranes. The structures of the composite membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption properties of composite membranes to heavy metal ions was studied, and the results found that the maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) could reach 155.19 mg/g, 124.28 mg/g and 125.55 mg/g, respectively, for the PVDF/G3.0 PAMAM-Pal membrane, while only 23.70 mg/g, 17.74 mg/g and 14.87 mg/g could be obtained for unmodified membranes in the same conditions. The high adsorption capacity can be ascribed to the large number of amine-terminated groups, amide groups and carbonyl groups of the composite membrane. The above results indicated that the prepared composite membrane has a high adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions removal in water treatment.
Highlights
Heavy metal ions, such as copper, cadmium and nickel have been introduced into surface waters by industrial effluents [1]
The amide nitrogen (O=C–N) occurred at approximately 401.9 eV as a result of the delocalization of the lone pair of electrons of O=C–N [38]. These analyses clearly indicated that PAMAM dendrimers were successfully grafted on the Pal surface
A novel organic/inorganic bicomponent composite membrane (PVDF/PAMAM-Pal membrane) prepared by a phase-inversion method based on the introduction hyperbranched-nanoAwas novel organic/inorganic bicomponent composite membrane (PVDF/ofPAMAM-Pal membrane) palygorskite (PAMAM-Pal)
Summary
Heavy metal ions, such as copper, cadmium and nickel have been introduced into surface waters by industrial effluents [1] These heavy metal ions are accumulated in the food chain and cannot be naturally degraded. Many treatment techniques have been developed such as chemical precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange, complexation and adsorption [3,4,5,6,7]. Among these treatment techniques, adsorption is considered as an efficient and promising method for heavy metal ions treatment on account of the comparatively low cost and the ease of operation [8]
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