Abstract
An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.
Highlights
Accepted: 4 October 2021MMT is halogen-free, non-toxic, low-cost, and an attractive inorganic nanoscale particle for flame retardant polymer materials [1]
Compared to the previous three samples, the internal char residue of Epoxy resin (EP)/ DOPO-MMT in Figure 11D is thick and smooth, and the char layer is more continuous and compact. These results indicate that EP/DOPO-MMT has a more effective char layer structure, which results in the best flame-retardant performance
The discussed in this article was prepared without ethanol solvent, with less flame retardant, discussed in this article was prepared without ethanol solvent, with less flame retardant, andbybymeans meansofofa simple a simple environmentallyfriendly friendlyand andlow low production cost process.InIn and environmentally production cost process
Summary
Accepted: 4 October 2021MMT is halogen-free, non-toxic, low-cost, and an attractive inorganic nanoscale particle for flame retardant polymer materials [1]. In order to prepare nano-dispersed montmorillonite nanocomposites, it is necessary to organically modify the natural montmorillonite to enhance its compatibility with the resin matrix. It is one of the most widely used methods to improve the compatibility between montmorillonite and the polymer using cationic quaternary alkyl ammonium or alkyl phosphine to exchange the original metal cations such as Na+ or Ca2+ between the layers, which can expand the spacing between the layers of montmorillonite, realize the organic surface of the lamellar, and improve the affinity with the organic matrix [12,13,14,15].
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