Abstract
Gd-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays with 3D ordered and high specific surface (176 m2/g) area are successfully prepared on a Ti foil surface via an anodizing method. The characterizations of Gd-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays are carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), optical contact angle measurer, and ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively. The results reveal that the Gd-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays form on the Ti foil surface with a length of about 50.5 μm and 100 nm in diameter, and the growth direction grown along the (101) direction of anatase crystal. Under the optimized reaction conditions (60 V, 10 h, 0.01mol/L Gd3+), the crystal phase of Gd-doped TiO2 show an excellent nanotube structure, possess a beneficial photocatalytic performance for methyl orange (MO) (Degradation rate was 95.8%) and an excellent hydrophilic property (The optical contact angle was 4.9°). After doping with Gd, the hydrophilic and photocatalytic properties of the TiO2 nanotubes are further improved.
Highlights
IntroductionAs an emerging green advanced oxidation technology [1], the photocatalytic oxidation technique is widely used in the treatment of organic wastewater due to its mild reaction condition, simple operation, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly characteristics [2,3]
As an emerging green advanced oxidation technology [1], the photocatalytic oxidation technique is widely used in the treatment of organic wastewater due to its mild reaction condition, simple operation, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly characteristics [2,3].Among these photocatalytic materials, TiO2 is an inorganic photosensitive semiconductor material which has the advantages of high photocatalytic activity, good stability, non-toxicity, and low cost
(4) The TiO2 nanotube arrays are tightly grown on the surface of the Ti foil, and the Gd has strong magnetic properties, making the catalyst easy to recycle in the application is and environmentally friendly
Summary
As an emerging green advanced oxidation technology [1], the photocatalytic oxidation technique is widely used in the treatment of organic wastewater due to its mild reaction condition, simple operation, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly characteristics [2,3]. TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by this anodizing method have a neat arrangement, a large specific surface area, and equivalent aperture. Gong [24] prepared TiO2 nanotube arrays with a uniform surface arrangement and high order by anodic oxidation with a hydrofluoric acid solution as the electrolyte. The highly ordered and neatly arranged Gd-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays are successfully prepared on a Ti foil substrate by an anodizing method. The originality of this paper has been investigated as follows: (1) TiO2 nanotube arrays are synthesized directly on the Ti foil surface using an anodization method with a beneficial photocatalytic performance and hydrophilic property;. (4) The TiO2 nanotube arrays are tightly grown on the surface of the Ti foil, and the Gd has strong magnetic properties, making the catalyst easy to recycle in the application is and environmentally friendly (2) The influence of different reaction times and voltages on the growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays are illustrated; (3) The Gd-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared, and the photocatalytic performance and hydrophilic property are further carried out. (4) The TiO2 nanotube arrays are tightly grown on the surface of the Ti foil, and the Gd has strong magnetic properties, making the catalyst easy to recycle in the application is and environmentally friendly
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