Abstract
Three-dimensional and dendritic rutile TiO2 nanorods were successfully fabricated on a Ti foil surface using a one-step acidic hydrothermal method. The TiO2 nanorods were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical contact angle testing. The results showed that the nanorods with diameters of 100–500 nm and lengths of 100 nm to 1 μm were obtained on the Ti foil surface. The length and density of the TiO2 nanorods were perfect at the conditions of HCl concentration 0.5 mol/L, temperature 220 °C, and reaction time 12 h. The TiO2 nanorods formed parallel to the consumption of Ti and grew along the (110) direction having a tetragonal rutile crystal. The morphology of the nanorods possessed a three-dimensional structure. The contact angle of the nanorods was only 13 ± 3.1°. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 nanorods were carried out using ultraviolet fluorescence spectrophotometry for the methyl orange detection, and the degradation was found to be about 71.00% ± 2.43%. Thus, TiO2 nanorods can be developed by a one-step acidic hydrothermal method using Ti foil simultaneously as the substrate with a TiO2 source; the TiO2 nanorods exhibited photocatalytic performance while being environment-friendly.
Highlights
Many researchers have been interested in titanium dioxide (TiO2) because of its specific properties of high chemical stability, superior photoelectric and photocatalytic properties, medium dielectric permittivity, and low toxicity [1,2,3]
The hydrothermal method uses a low temperature for mass production of well aligned TiO2 nanorods
After the reactor cooled to room temperature, the samples were washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ◦C
Summary
Many researchers have been interested in titanium dioxide (TiO2) because of its specific properties of high chemical stability, superior photoelectric and photocatalytic properties, medium dielectric permittivity, and low toxicity [1,2,3]. The traditional preparation processes of rutile TiO2 have disadvantages of toxicity and secondary pollution. Many methods have been used to synthesize nano-TiO2, such as the template method [22], chemical vapor deposition [23], the sol-gel method [24], and the hydrothermal method [25] Among these methods, the hydrothermal method uses a low temperature for mass production of well aligned TiO2 nanorods. To the best of our knowledge, the use of Ti foil as the surface substrate and Ti source for preparation of rutile TiO2 nanorods by the one-step acidic hydrothermal method has been rarely reported. In this study, three-dimensional and dendritic rutile TiO2 nanorods were successfully prepared using a one-step acidic hydrothermal method on Ti foil surface, as well as a Ti source. The hydrophilic and photocatalytic activities of the rutile TiO2 nanorods were investigated
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