Abstract

This study has developed traceable standards for evaluating impurities in hydrogen fuel according to ISO 14687. Impurities in raw H2, including sub μmol/mol levels of CO, CO2, and CH4, were analyzed using multiple detectors while avoiding contamination. The gravimetric standards prepared included mixtures of the following nominal concentrations: 1, 2, 3–5, 8–11, 17–23, and 47–65 μmol/mol for CO2, CH4 and CO, O2, N2, Ar, and He, respectively. The expanded uncertainty ranges were 0.8% for Ar, N2, and He, 1% for CH4 and CO, and 2% for CO2 and O2. These standards were stable, while that for CO varied by only 0.5% during a time span of three years. The prepared standards are useful for evaluating the compliance of H2 fuel in service stations with ISO 14687 quality requirements.

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